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Robert M. Harper

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When reforming a will or trust, the Surrogate’s Court “changes the language of the will [or trust instrument] itself by the addition or deletion of words in an attempt to conform [the instrument] to the decedent’s intent” (Matter of Stahle, NYLJ, Jan. 23, 2002, at 32 [Sur Ct, Onondaga County]).  Historically speaking, courts have been “hesitant to reform wills [and trusts,] unless the reformation effectuates the [testators and grantors’] intent” (Matter of Brill, NYLJ, Aug. 17, 2017, at 23 [Sur Ct, Bronx County]; Matter of Dousmanis, 190 AD3d 548, 549 [1st Dep’t 2021]).

However, when the reformation of a will or trust will result in a settlement of litigation, courts have been less hesitant to reform wills and trust instruments (Marilyn G. Ordover & Charles F. Gibbs, “Correcting Mistakes in Wills and Trusts”, NYLJ, Aug. 6, 1998, at 25).  This is because New York State has a strong public “policy encouraging family settlements” (Matter of Harburg, NYLJ, Aug. 12, 1997, at 26 [Sur Ct, New York County]).  Thus, in cases in which the interested parties have agreed to reform wills or trusts in order to achieve settlements, courts repeatedly have approved of the reformations to which the parties have stipulated (Matter of Schmitt, NYLJ, July 3, 2000, at 1 [Sur Ct, Westchester County]; Matter of Schwartz, NYLJ, Jan. 22, 1992, at 25 [Sur Ct, Westchester County]; Matter of Wilkie, NYLJ, Jan. 17, 1992, at 35 [Sur Ct, Westchester County]).      Continue Reading Creative Writing: Reforming Wills and Trusts to Achieve Settlements

Suppose that a loved one has been missing for years, for no reason at all, and without contacting family or accessing any of his or her assets.  Sadly, this scenario is one that many families have had to confront in New York State.  This blog post addresses the steps that a missing loved one’s family members may wish to take in order to have their absentee relative declared deceased and to gain access to that person’s assets.
Continue Reading My Relative Has Been Missing for Years. What Do I Need to Do to Have That Relative Declared Deceased?

In 2021 and 2022, I wrote about Surrogate’s Court decisions that addressed the admission of remotely witnessed wills to probate in New York State.  Since then, Surrogate’s Courts have issued at least two more decisions addressing the validity of remotely witnessed wills.  I now write to provide an update about the validity of remotely witnessed wills, having been involved in two cases that addressed the issue in 2023.
Continue Reading The Admission of Remotely Witnessed Wills to Probate in New York

From April 7, 2020 to June 25, 2021, New York Executive Order 202.14 authorized “the remote execution of wills” in New York State. Recently, in Matter of Holmgren, Queens County Surrogate Peter J. Kelly wrote a decision addressing the information that a self-proving affidavit must contain in order to prove the validity of a remotely executed will. Robert Harper writes about the decision in our latest post.
Continue Reading SURROGATE’S COURT PROVIDES GUIDANCE ON PROVING THE VALIDITY OF A REMOTELY WITNESSED WILL

Given the travel restrictions that have arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unlikely that many recently-commenced adult guardianship proceedings have led to jurisdictional disputes in courts in different states.  Pre-pandemic, however, in anticipation of commencing adult guardianship proceedings, parties moved the subjects of those proceedings from one state to another, presumably to gain a strategic advantage in forthcoming guardianship disputes. In Matter of J.D.S., New York County Surrogate Rita Mella rendered what appears to be the first reported decision addressing whether a court in New York, or another state, was the appropriate forum for a guardianship dispute concerning a person under a disability. Rob Harper discusses the decision in our latest post.
Continue Reading The Resolution of Interstate Adult Guardianship Disputes in New York

In April 2020, Governor Cuomo issued Executive Order 202.14, authorizing the remote witnessing of wills in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Earlier this week, Broome County Surrogate’s Court issued what appears to be the first reported New York decision addressing the admission to probate of a remotely witnessed will. Rob Harper discusses the decision in our latest post.
Continue Reading Admission of Remotely Witnessed Will to Probate

When a child is born to parents who are not married, the child often must satisfy the provisions of EPTL 4-1.2 to inherit from the estate of his or her father. However, the Appellate Division’s recent decision in Tiwary v. Tiwary has held that a child born of parents who are not married at the time of the child’s birth, but subsequently marry each other, generally need not satisfy the statute. Rob Harper discusses the decision in our latest post.
Continue Reading Non-Marital Child’s Legitimacy is Presumed for All Purposes of New York Law, Including Inheritance, When Parents Marry After the Child’s Birth

On March 19, 2020, Governor Cuomo issued Executive Order No. 202.7, which temporarily authorizes the remote notarization of documents in New York until April 18, 2020. Rob Harper provides a summary as to its contents in our latest post.
Continue Reading TO INFINITY AND BEYOND (OR AT LEAST APRIL 18, 2020): NEW YORK STATE LAW TEMPORARILY AUTHORIZES THE REMOTE NOTARIZATION OF DOCUMENTS

E-mail is seemingly omnipresent. Yet, the improvements to the technology associated with e-mail have far outpaced the development of the law concerning our e-mail accounts and the rights that our survivors may have to access those accounts upon our deaths. In this post, Robert Harper addresses New York’s recently-enacted digital assets legislation, as well as Surrogate Mella’s decision in Matter of Serrano, which appears to be the first reported case to apply that legislation.
Continue Reading You’ve Got (E-)Mail! Can Your Survivors Access It After Your Death?